Only members of the seaman’s branch wore rating badges on the right arm. The Third Class Petty Officer Pharmacist’s Mate shown in the background displays the single scarlet chevron on his rate with the white spread eagle and the red Geneva Cross on the left arm. Change 8 of 13 October 1916 directed that the distinguishing mark for this new type of petty officer be the red Geneva Cross of the Hospital Corps. Congress in 1916 provided for the ratings of chief pharmacists and for pharmacists, first, second and third class. When the Hospital Corps was established in 1898, pharmacists were to be appointed as warrant officers and no provision was made for lower ratings in this medical specialty. Changes continued to be made until 1921, just prior to the release of the new uniform instructions of 1922. The changes were so volumious in the first years of the order’s existence that a revised edition was issued on 20 January 1917. The incorporation of reserve personnel into active service, the changing weapons of war, the influence of the dress of our allies and the changing styles of civilian clothing are all reflected in the many official modifications of the Navy Uniform Regulations of 1913. In time of war, there are always changes in military dress, and during the period of the first World War, the dress of the Navy of the United States was no exception.
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